Experiences of Life in Britain: Young British Muslim Women Negotiating Their Identities

British-Muslims negotiating their identities in a multicultural society continues to be of academic interest. As a group, these women are often believed to be leading dual and parallel lives as a result of a clash of two conflicting cultures. The research sought to examine the lived experiences of young British-Muslim women in negotiating and constructing their national, cultural, religious and gender identities. Furthermore, the research aimed to investigate whether young British-Muslim women experience a conflict of culture in their everyday lives. The study used interview data collected with 12 young women aged 16-33 years from a variety of backgrounds and current lifestyles. The sample included young women in high school, at university, in employment, and „home-makers‟. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of the data revealed three main themes of „family‟; „independence‟ and „religion‟, all of which were linked to the core theme of „identity‟ Family and the home environment is particularly influential in shaping the identity of young British-Muslim women, with parents exerting their control by imposing restrictions in an attempt to uphold traditional cultural and religious values. It was reported that Muslim families have undergone change, whereby they are adapting to British society and allowing more freedom for their daughters. This, in turn, gives rise to greater educational opportunities, socialising and freedom of choice, all of which were crucial to the women in the study. These women believed they had adapted to western society and were an integral part of it, and they prioritised their British identity. The women, although acknowledging their British status, still felt connected to their culture, religion, and traditional morals and values. The current study has highlighted the experiences of young British-Muslim women's life in Britain, providing insight into the many factors that influence their identities which need to be considered by family members, UK policy-makers and media corporations

Tourism as a Significant Contributor to Economic Development: Evidence from South Asian Economies

Tourism has become the world vibrant sector with its multidimensional impacts on the economies especially for developing nations. Study in hand was conducted by taking data of four South Asian economies i.e. Pakistan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, which have good potential for the tourism due to their diverse geography, culture and traditions. Time series data set for the years 1985 to 2015 were employed for analysis. It was observed that all selected variables were stationary on the first difference. The study findings revealed that the number of international tourist arrival in India is greater as compare to other three selected countries. The results of long run co integration indicated that variable, number of tourist arrival has significant effect on the GDP of all countries. Overall results of the study validate the hypothesis that tourism has positive impact on the economic development of a country

Central visual field sensitivity data from microperimetry with spatially dense sampling

Microperimetry, also referred to as fundus perimetry or fundus-driven perimetry, enables simultaneous acquisition of visual sensitivity and eye movement data. We present sensitivity data collected from 60 participants with normal vision using gaze-contingent perimetry. A custom designed spatially dense test grid was used to collect data across the visual field within 13° of fixation. These data are supplemental to a study in which we demonstrated a spatial interpolation method that facilitates comparison of acquired data from any set of spatial locations to normative data and thus screening of individuals with both normal and non-foveal fixation “Methods for normative data comparison in gaze-contigent microperimetry” (Denniss and Astle, 2016) [1]

Comparative study of ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic and histopathological findings in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: AUB (Abnormal uterine bleeding) is a considerable health care burden not only for women but their families and has a definite effect on their quality of life. Objective was to compare the ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic and histopathological findings in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, from July 2018 to June 2019. The women who came to the OPD with the complaint of AUB in the one year period and met the eligibility criteria were taken for the study. TVS was performed in 126 patients presenting with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding followed by hysteroscopic biopsy or curettage. The specimens were sent for histopathologic examination. Results: Mean age was 43.95±8.48 years. Most common presenting complaint was found to be menorrhagia (n=53; 42%) followed by post-menopausal bleeding (n=30, 24.0%). The mean endometrial thickness was 9.79±4.84 mm. The diagnostic specifications of TVS taking histopathological examination as gold standard were: sensitivity = 64/77= 83.1%, specificity 39%, positive predictive value 68%, negative predictive value 59% and accuracy 66%. Hysteroscopy has a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 51%, positive predictive value of 74%, negative predictive value of 71.4% and diagnostic accuracy of 73% in diagnosing aetiology of abnormal uterine bleeding. Conclusions: Both TVS and hysteroscopy are good diagnostic modalities for investigation of AUB. However, hysteroscopy has an edge over TVS in diagnosing aetiology of AUB in terms of high sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value

Socio-Economic Well-Being and Women Status in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

This study has analyzed the effect of socioeconomic well-being on women's status in case of Pakistan. To overview the women's status in case of Pakistan, a comprehensive index is constructed by using social, economic and political status of women. This study follows the methodology of United Nations Development Program (UNDP) gender inequality index. Globalization, financial development, economic deprivation, secondary school enrollment and human development index have some selected explanatory variables, whereas gender inequality index (women's status) is dependent variable. The data has been used from the period of 1980 to 2014. Following the properties, differentiation of the data, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Philips-Perron (PP) and Dickey-Fuller Generalized Least Squares (DF-GLS) unit root tests have been applied to check the stationarity of the variables. All variables have different order of integration, which support for Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) for observing the co-integration between the variables of the model. VECM model is used for short-run relationship of the variables. The findings of this study approve the presence of co-integration among the selected variables of the model. The results of the study illustrate that globalization has significant and negative long run relationship with women's status. This explains that by increasing the globalization the level of women's status is falling in Pakistan. The long run results reveal that economic deprivation is negatively related to gender inequality index which shows that by rising economic deprivation women's status also rise in Pakistan. The secondary school enrollment and human development index have a positive relation to the women's status, it explains by educating society and by increasing the human development the women's status can be improved. Economic deprivation has a significant and negative relationship with gender inequality index in Pakistan. This reveals that when level of economic deprivation decreases, more women join the labor force and this increase the overall women's status in case of Pakistan. The financial development has negative and insignificant relation to the gender inequality index. The study suggests that for attaining the desired level of women's status, Pakistan should improve its socioeconomic structure

Public Policies and Sustainability of Industrial Growth in Pakistan

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of public policies on the growth and development of the industries sector of Pakistan. Based on the supporting arguments, it historically reviews the performance of the industrial sector during the last seven decades (from 1951 to 2020), pointing out the flaws in the formulation and implementation of public policies. The components of the industrial structure are required to identify the major obstacles hampering the growth and sustainability of this sector. The components like; industrial power supply, credit facility, technical and vocational education to industrial workers, flexible taxation system, and basic infrastructure facilities are given emphasis here and are thought to be of more importance in the rapid industrial progress in the country. Likewise, the security issue and law and order situation is also of greater importance in giving protection to physical as well as human resources in the overall industrial structure. The paper also suggests coherent sustainable policy recommendations as a way forward for the sustainable industrial growth of Pakistan in the larger public interest

Exploring Reasons on Lexical Borrowing from English Language (L2) to Sindhi Language (L1)

The term lexical borrowing is often used to express the system through which one language borrows words from another language to renew its linguistic system. The current research papers focuses to explore the reasons of borrowing words from English language (L1) into Sindhi language (L1). The current study employs qualitative research methodology to explore the reasons of borrowing words from English language. Research tool used to collect data was semi structured interviews and convenient sampling was taken as a source. Participants were (n=5) from a public sector university of Sindh. Data was examined and analyzed through thematic analysis. The major reasons behind lexical borrowing discovered were; code switching and code mixing result in borrowing, importance and exposure of English and lack of vocabulary in Sindhi (L1). Keywords: Lexical borrowing, reasons, Sindhi language, English language. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/83-03 Publication date: November 30th 202

Exploring Language Attitudes of Undergraduate English Language Learners Towards Sindhi (L1) and English (L2)

The aim of this paper was to investigate the language attitudes of undergraduate English language learners (ELLs) towards Sindhi (their mother tongue) and English language which were affected through dominant discourse of language policy. The participants for the current study were selected from the Institute of English language and Literature, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. The study used semi structured interviews in order to collect the in-depth data about language attitudes of students towards Sindhi and English language. The researcher used purposive sampling, total number of the participants considered in the study were (n=10). Thematic analysis was used for analysisng the data of the study. The findings of the study revealed that undergraduate English language learners (ELLs) have more positive attitudes towards English language than Sindhi language (their mother tongue). The participants perceived that their personalities are grooming. They are being encouraged and considered educated when they speak English language. On the other hand talking about language attitudes towards Sindhi language participants shared that they don’t feel any change in their personalities. They are discouraged to speak Sindhi language and considered as less hard working and less intelligent when they speak Sindhi language. Keywords: Language attitude, English language learners, Sindhi, English, language policy. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/84-02 Publication date: December 31st 202

Biochemical Markers of Liver Toxicity among Coal Mine Workers of Punjab, Pakistan Suffering from HCV

Hepatitis C is among the leading hepatic disorders in current period through which about 3 % world population has been anguish among them 170 million were diagnosed as persistent carriers. A great range of alteration in liver biochemical parameters were found to be allied with HCV infestation. Current study was designed to evaluate the extent of HCV mediated abnormalities in liver biochemical markers which includes ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate transaminase), ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) and serum bilirubin. The study was conducted on coal miners of Punjab province, Pakistan. HCV was primarily diagnosed through one step rapid test device after which positive samples were confirmed through ELISA. Biochemical markers were determined through Autoanalyzer by using standard procedure provided with spinreact kits. Simple linear regression analysis significantly explained 24 %, 56.2 %, 68.8 % and 56 % variance in ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate transaminase), ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) and serum bilirubin level among HCV positive coal mine workers respectively. Results have clearly indicated significant correlation between HCV seropositivity and liver biochemical markers. Findings of present study conclude monitoring of liver biochemical markers is crucial during HCV infectivity as it represents the degree of impairment in liver functioning. In addition to this elevation in these diagnostic markers could points toward the presence of HCV in respective individual